C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs. Known for its efficiency and control, C is widely used for system programming, embedded systems, and applications requiring direct hardware interaction. Its simplicity, portability, and extensive use in operating systems like UNIX have made it a foundational language in computer science. C supports structured programming, low-level memory manipulation, and is often used as a base for learning other programming languages.