Linux is a free, open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel first released by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It powers a wide variety of devices, from servers and desktops to mobile phones, embedded systems, and supercomputers.
List files and directories.
Change directory.
Print current working directory.
Create a new directory.
Remove files and directories.
Copy files and directories.
Move/rename files and directories.
Create an empty file or update file timestamps.
View the contents of a file.
Display the first few lines of a file.
Display the last few lines of a file.
Create links between files.
Search for files and directories.
Display network interface information.
Send ICMP echo requests to a host.
Display network connections and statistics.
Display network socket information.
Securely connect to a remote server.
Securely copy files between hosts.
Download files from the web.
Transfer data to or from a server.
Input of cmd is taken from file.
Standard output (stdout) of cmd is redirected to file.
Error output (stderr) of cmd is redirected to file.
stderr is redirected to the same place as stdout.
Output of cmd2 is used as the input file for cmd1.
Discards the stdout of cmd by sending it to the null device.
Every output of cmd is redirected to file.
stdout is redirected to the same place as stderr.
Appends the stdout of cmd to file.
Sets the value of an environment variable.
Displays the value of a specific environment variable.
Lists all environment variables currently set in the system.
Unsets or removes an environment variable.
Shows a list of all currently exported environment variables.
Sets the value of an environment variable for a specific command.
Displays the values of all environment variables.
Show who is currently logged in.
Create a new user account on the system with the specified username.
Display information about all the users currently logged into the system, including their usernames, login time, and terminal.
Remove the specified user from the specified group.
Show the recent login history of users.
Provide information about the specified user, including their username, real name, terminal, idle time, and login time.
Delete the specified user account from the system, including their home directory and associated files. The -r option ensures the removal of the user’s files.
Lock the password of the specified user account, preventing the user from logging in.
Switch to another user account with the user’s environment.
Add an existing user to the specified group. The user is added to the group without removing them from their current groups.
Search for pattern in files
Case insensitive search
Recursive search
Inverted search
Show matched part of file only
Find files starting with name in dir
Find files owned by name in dir
Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir
Find binary / source / manual for command
Find file (quick search of system index)
Move to the beginning of the line.
Move to the end of the line.
Move back one character.
Move forward one character.
Move back one word.
Move forward one word.
Cut/delete from the cursor position to the beginning of the line.
Cut/delete from the cursor position to the end of the line.
Cut/delete the word before the cursor.
Paste the last cut text.
Clear the screen.
Search command history (reverse search).
Escape from history search mode.
Go to the previous command in history.
Go to the next command in history.
Terminate the current command.
Save the file.
Exit Nano (prompt to save if modified).
Read a file into the current buffer.
Justify the current paragraph.
Scroll up one page.
Scroll down one page.
Go to a specific line number.
Go to the beginning of the current line.
Go to the end of the current line.
Cut/delete from the cursor position to the end of the line.
Uncut/restore the last cut text.
Mark a block of text for copying or cutting.
Cut/delete the marked block of text.
Copy the marked block of text.
Search for a string in the text.
Search and replace a string in the text.
Repeat the last search.
Change the current word. Deletes from the cursor position to the end of the current word and switches to insert mode.
Delete the current line.
Delete the character under the cursor.
Enter replace mode. Overwrites characters starting from the cursor position until you press the Escape key.
Insert a new line below the current line and switch to insert mode.
Undo the last change.
Substitute the character under the cursor and switch to insert mode.
Delete from the cursor position to the beginning of the next word.
Delete from the cursor position to the end of the line.
Delete the next four words from the cursor position.
Switch to insert mode at the end of the current line.
Delete the current line and switch to insert mode.
Replace the character under the cursor with a new character entered from the keyboard.
Switch to insert mode before the cursor.
Delete the current line and the two lines below it.
Exit from insert or command-line mode and return to command mode.
Restore the current line to its original state before any changes were made.
Switch the case of the character under the cursor.
Switch to insert mode after the cursor.
Delete from the cursor position to the end of the line and switch to insert mode.
